de pawlowski



(No Model.) 2 Sheets- Sheet I.

H. K. DE PAWLOWSKI. APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL MATTER.

No. 453,975. Patented June 9,1891.

'INVENTOH mrlusszs g4 /wm ATTORNEYS me name puns co, vworo-u'ma, wsumcmu, n, c.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

H. K DE PAWLOWSKI. APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL MATTER. No. 453,975.

Patented June 9,1891.

- /NVENTOH.' ZJQM @r ATTORNEYS UNITED STATES.

PATENT OFFICEa HONORE KORYIN DE PATVLOVSKI, OF PARIS, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR TO \VATTS GARDNER, OF NETV YORK, N. Y.

APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL MATTER. V

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 453,975, dated June 9, 1891.

Original application filed October 11,1889, $erial No. 326,700. Divided and this application filedMay 27,1890. Serial No. 353,327, (No model.) Patentedin France October 28, 1885, No, 171,927, and in England February 15, 1887.110. 2,354.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HONORP'J KOBWIN DE PAWLOWSKI, a subject of the Czar of Russia, at present residing in Paris, France, have invented a new and Improved Apparatus for the Bleaching of Vegetable and Animal Matter and the Cleansing of V001 and other Substances, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent in Great Britain, dated February 15, 1887, No. 2,354, and in France, dated October 28, 1885, No. 171,927, this application being a division of the United States application, Serial No. 326,700, filed by me October 11, 1889,) of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The object of this invention is to provide a new and improved apparatus for the bleaching of vegetable and animal matter, &c., and the washing and scouring of wool and other substances, either woven or yarn or fiber, and serving to avoid manipulation-such as stirring, agitating, or repeated plunging of the material to be treatedhitherto indispensable to the effective decoloration or bleaching of vegetable or animalniatter, such as silk, wool, flax, hemp, jute,esparto-grass, and the like, either raw or as yarn or as tissue, and also straw, hair, feathers, and the like.

The apparatus consists of a series of vats connected with. each other and with vacuumreceptacles placed on a higher level.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is an elevation of the apparatus, parts being in section and parts being broken out, in connection with open vats. Fig. 2 is a like view of the same in connection with hermetically-closed vats, and Fig. 3 is a plan view of thehydraulic balance. Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of the balance-cocks, and Fig. 5 is a like View of the injector-cocks.

The apparatus may be used in connection with any desired number of vats A A A &c., placed on the same level, and into which the material to be treated is placed, either on false perforated bottoms or on hooks or bars fixed in the interior of the vats. When the vats are open, as shown in Fig. 1, they are connected with each other by pipes B, and on a higher level are placed two hermeticallyclosed receptacles O and 0, provided with charging-funnels and gage-glasses. The receptacles O and O are connected with the two end vats of the series by means of pipes D, and are provided on the top with pipes E F and E F, respectively, which connect said receptacles to the hydraulic balance, which producesa vacuum alternately in the two receptacles.

The level of the liquid in the several vats A, A, and A stands at all times above the upper ends of the pipes B and the lower end of the pipes D, so that the openings of the said pipes into the vats remain sealed. The amount of liquid above the said openings of the pipes in the vats is sufficient to fill the receptacles O and C from the vats, in the manner hereinafter more fully described, without unsealing the openings of the said pipes near the upper ends of the vats.

The hydraulic balance represented in Fig. 1 and in plan view in Fig. 3 consists of any convenient support carrying the pipes E E, coming from the tops of'the two receptacles O and O, which pipes are here connected and joined to another pipe G, leading to an airtight chamber H, in which the vacuum is produced by means of an injectorI J K,connected therewith and of any approved construction. Each of the two pipes E and E, coming from the top of the receptacle 0 or O, is provided near the junction with the pipe G, leading to the vacuum-chamber H, with a three-way cock L or L, respectively, the top opening of which opens or closes a small pipe L provided with a valve which regulates the re-entrance of the air into the receptacles O and O. The three-way cocks L and L are so arranged that when one is open the other is closed. In or- ,der to alternately open and close the said cocks L and L, they are provided on their valve-stems or axes with pulleys N,over which passes an endless belt or band. On the valvestem of the cock L is secured a second pulley N, and similar pulleys N and N 3 are arranged in line with the pulley N and are mounted to turn on the support of the balance, as

plainly shown in Figs. 1 and 3. A band M IOO passes over the pulleys J and N and under the pulley N, the ends of the band hanging downward from the pulleys N and N \Vhen the band M is moved, the pulley N is rotated, thus rotating simultaneously the connected valve-stems of the three-way cocks L and L, thereby shifting the latter simultaneously. To the ends of this band are fastened small receptacles or bottles 0 O, containinga certain quantity of liquid. The bottles are connected by a pipe P with each other, and each of them by a pipe F or F with the top of its corresponding large receptacle 0 or C placed above the vats, as before described. The two small receptacles or bottles fastened to the ends of the band are so arranged that when one stands on the ground the other is sus' pended in the air, as is plainly shown in Fig. 1.

Suppose that a three-way cock is open, which leads to the receptacle, the bottle of which is suspended. The vacuum will form there, as also in the bottle connected with it, and the bottle will naturally fill with the liquid drawn from the other bottle as this latter empties itself and the former fills, so that the formerly-suspended bottle will sink by its own weight and pull on the end of band M, connected with it, so that the band is moved downward at this end, while the other end of the band, with its empty bottle, rises. The movement of the band acts on the pulley N, as above described, so that the position of the cocks L and L is changed. The three-way cock connected with it will close and the other open, and the same process will repeat itself on the other side. By the small air-cocks above the three-way cooks the time of the filling of the receptacles, as well as the time of the hydraulic-balance movement,is regulated. It will thus be seen that when a vacuum is produced in one of the receptacles it will fill itself with the liquid from the vat connected therewith, and the liquid in this vat will be replaced by that of the next, and so on to the end of the series. If, therefore, the vacuum is produced alternately in the two receptacles connected to the two end vats, a continuous fiow of a part of the liquid through the entire series of vats will take place, the quantity displaced being dependent upon the size of the receptacles.

It is understood that the amount of liquid passing back and forth by the alternating action of the vacuum in the receptacles C and C is limited to the size, capacity, or cubic contents of the said receptacles.

Hermetically-closcd vats-such as represented in Fig. 2 are preferably used when a liquid is employed which contains gaseous decoloring or bleaching agents, such as oxy-' genized water or water charged with sulphurous acid or the like. In this case the apparatus is preferably arranged as follows: Supposing a series of four vats are to be used, onlyone of the middle ones will be filled with the liquid, which will be drawn from one of the middle vats to the other and back with out entering the outer vats by the alternate .action of the vacuum in the receptacles C or C, respectively, connected with the outer vats A or A, respectively, which contain no liquid, and in which the vacuum is produced by being connected with the said receptacles. The alternate vacuum in the outer vats draws the liquid alternately from one of the middle vats A or A to the other and back without entering the outer vats A or A, in which the material to be treated is placed in a suitablydampened condition. Thus the gaseous agents disengaged from the liquid will alter nately be drawn into and fill the outside vats and here encounter the material to be treated. The liquid may also be heated by an arrangement of pipes, and the apparatus will then be applicable to the washing and scouring of wool. In most cases, in fact, the materials to be bleached contain impurities from which they should be freed, and the disposition of pipes hereinafter described permits the easy attainment of that result.

As is clearly shown in Fig. 2, I have arranged under the vats a pipe at a, communieating with the bottom of each by means of branches furnished with cocks b b b b and bearing at its extremities the cooks c and (l, of which the use will be explained farther on. Elsewhere on the discharge-pipe of the injector I is fitted a pipe 6, emptying into the bottom of the vat A, and on the suction-pipe of this injector is branched a pipef, leading into the top of the vat A. Finally the threeway cocks at and n are placed at the points Under these conditions, the materials to be washed or bleached being placed in the vats, it is suflicient to open one branch of the cock (1 and the cooks b I) b b of the pipe a a to fill these vats with water (charged with carbonate of soda, for example) which is contained in a reservoir above. (Not shown.) Afterward these various cocks are closed and the steam turned on in the injector I, thus setting the keys of the three-way cocks m and n so as to cause a rapid circulation of the liquid in the vats which communicate with each other by the pipes B, indicated above. The circulation operates in the direction indicated by the arrows placed near the pipes c and f. By the condensation of the steam in the injector I the liquid in the vats becomes heated and facilitates the washing and scouring of the materials. When it is judged that the operation is finished, the pressure of steam is interrupted by the pipe J, and I proceed to empty the impure water contained in the vats by opening the cocks Z) I) b I)" and the cock 0, which empties the liquid into the sewer. This operation can be repeated several times, if necessary, and it is understood that during the washing the vats should be uncovered. Let me indicate, also, that if desirable to prodnee a violent agitation in the vats to facilitate the operation of washing above described one can proceed as follows: The vats in this of junction of these pipes with the injector I.

ICC

case being closed hermetically a sufficient or comparative vacuum is caused by means of the injector I and the medium of the upper receptacles c 0. Then at this moment open the cocks b b of the pipe a a, as well as the branch of the cock (Z, which communicates with the open air. It is easy to understand that the rapid return of the air which takes place at this moment in the lower part of the vats, causes a violent agitation of the liquid which they contain, and which has for effect the putting in suspension of the impurities which otherwise might remain entangled in the mass of material under treatment. Finally, when one would have the operations of washing and scouring of materials to be bleached accomplished in a progressive and methodical manner the use of the hydraulic balance above described is employed, and which is furnished for this purpose with the two auxiliary three-way cocks Z and Z, above described.

Elsewhere, the pipes D D are, as seen in Fig. 2, furnished with three-way cocks g h and g h, which communicate by means of the pipes t' j and e" j with the two extremities of the cooks Z and Z, of which the third tubing placed below carries the pipes k ending at the sewer. It is easy to see that by arranging then the keys of the cocks g h and g h in such manner the circulation of the liquid between the exterior vats A and A and the receptacles c and c,which correspond therewith, respectively, can only be accomplished by the intermediary of the cooks Zand Z, resulting in the automatic play of the hydraulic balance. At each displacement of this latter the liquid, which will have been exhausted by one or the other of these upper receptacles c and 0', will be found automatically ejected alternately by the two sets of pipes ij and *Zj and their connections into the sewer, as well as the impurities which it contains, and it will suffice to regulate the opening of the cooks Z) Z) 19 b to permit the entry of an equivalent quantity of the pure liquid to insure the progressive purification of the material contained in the vats. In this case I prefer to place the cock (Z, supplying the pure liquid, in the middle of the series of vats, so as to regulate methodically the introduction of this liquid into the apparatus. This arrangement is especially convenientwhen the pipe at a should serve to induce a rapid entrance of air in the vats to provoke a lively agitation of the materials they contain.

In order to more clearly show the working of the cooks Z Z, suppose the cocks g and h are set so as to connectthe receptacle 0 with the pipe Z and the vat A with the pipe j, and the cock Z connects the pipes i j with each other, and when now a vacuum is produced-in the receptacle 0 the liquid flows from the vat A, through the pipe D, past cock it into pipe 7, through cock Z into pipe 1', through cock g into upper part of pipe D, and finally into the receptacle 0. Now, when a vacuum is produced in the other receptacle 0 and the hydraulic balance is actuated, as previously described, the position of cock Z is changed, so as to connect the pipe z'with the sewerpipe 7t, the pipe j being shut off. The impure liquid in the receptacle 0 now flows through pipe D, (connected at bottom of receptacle 0,) past cock into pipe 1', and through cock 9 into sewer-pipe k to be discharged. When the hydraulic balance again reverses by vacuum in the receptacle 0, the cock Z is again changed, so as to disconnect the sewer-pipe 7c and connectthe pipest' and j with each other. A similar operation takes place at the other set of cocks g, h, and Z.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination, with a series of vats containing liquid and connected with each other below the level of the liquid, of two vacuum-receptacles placed on a higher level than the said vats and connected with the latter below the level of the liquid to effect alternately an automatic displacement of the liquid in the said vats, substantially as shown and described.

2. The combination, with a series of vats containing liquid and connected with each other below the level of the liquid, of two vacuum-receptacles placed on a higher level than the said vats and connected with thelatter below the level of the liquid to effect alternately an automatic displacement of the liquid in the said vats, and means, substantially as described, for alternately forming a vacuum in the said receptacles, as set forth.

3. The combination, with connected vats and vacuum-receptacles connected therewith, of a hydraulic balance connected with the said receptacles and operating under the action of the vacuum and the adjustable oscillations to assure the automatic and alternate displacement of the liquid in the said vats, substantially as shown and described.

4. The combination, with a series of vats containing liquid and connected with each other alternately on top and bottom below the level of the liquid, of two vacuum-receptacles placed on a higher level than the said vats and connected with the two end vats below the level of the liquid, substantially as shown and described.

5. The combination, with a series of hermetically-closed vats containing liquid and connected with each other and two hermeti cally-closed end vats connected with the adj a cent liquid-vats, of vaeu urn-receptacles placed on a higher level than the said vats and connected with the two end vats to produce a vacuum therein to cause an automatic displacement of the liquid in the said filled vats, substantially as shown and described.

6. The combination, with a series of hermetically-closed vats containing liquid and connected. with each other and two hermetically-closed end vats connected with the adjacent liquid vats, of vacuum receptacles placed on a'higher level than the said vats and connected with the two end vats to produce a vacuum therein to cause an automatic displacement of the liquid in the said filled vats, and means, substantially as described, for alternately forming a vacuum in the said vacuum-receptacles, as set forth.

7. The combination, with a series of connected vats, of two vacuum-receptacles connected with the two end vats of the said series of vats, a main pipe connected with a vacuum-producer and provided with branch pipes connected with the said vacuum-receptacles, three-way cocks or valves held in the said branch pipes to alternately connect the latter with the said main pipe and the outer air, and a hydraulic balance operating under the action of the vacuum and controlling the said three-way cocks, substantially as shown and described.

8. The combination, with a series of con nected vats, of two vacuum-receptacles connected with the two end vats of the said series of vats, a main pipe connected with a vacuum-producer and provided with branch pipes connected with the said vacuum-receptacles, three-way cocks or valves held in the said branch pipes to alternately connect the latter with the said main pipe and the outer air, and a hydraulic balance operating under the action of the vacuum and controlling the said three-way cocks, and a second set of three-way cocks controlled from the said balance simultaneously with the said first-named three-way cocks, and pipes containing the said second set of three-way cocks and arranged to establish an alternate connection of the end vats with the vacuum-receptacles and of the latter with a sewer discharge-pipe, substantially as shown and described.

9. The combination of a series of con nccted vats containing a liquid, an injectorconnected by its discharge-pipe with one of the end vats and by its suction-pipe with the other end vat, and three-way cocks placed in the said discharge and siiction pipes, substantially as shown and described.

10. The combination of a series of connected vats containing a liquid, an injector connected by its discharge-pipe with one of the end vats and by its suction-pipe with the other end vat, three-way cocks placed in the said discharge and suction pipes, and

a general outlet-pipe connected by valved branch pipes with the bottoms of the said vats, substantially as shown and described.

Paris, the 19th April, 1890.

IIONORli KORWIN DE PMYLOWSKI.

Witnesses:

EUGENE LOUIS DUMAL,

29 Rue St. Georges, Paris. CnitnLns BAILLY, Jr. 

